Different Ways of Sequential Representation of a Binary Tree

With rapidly advancing computer technology, the need for effective data organisation has increased. A binary tree is one of the methods used to structure data in an effective way. It has many uses more than most of the other types. Along with benefits, different ways can be used for the representation of a binary tree. Discussing those ways and methods will be the epicentre of our today’s discussion. Let’s start with the definition of a binary tree.

 

What is a Binary Tree?

A binary tree is a type of non-linear data structure. Each node has a maximum of two child nodes in this type of structure. The lines connecting the nodes are the branches of a binary tree. The two child nodes also have a name, i.e., left subtree and right subtree. A binary tree is a special case of an ordered binary tree, where k is 2. In the representation of a binary tree, one important thing is that no node can have two duplicative values.

 

Types of Binary Tree

Along with the ways of representation of a binary tree, there are three different types of binary trees. An explanation of those three types is below.

 

Complete Tree

The first type of binary tree is a complete binary tree. A binary tree is complete if it follows the things mentioned below.

• All its levels, except possibly the last level, have the most number of nodes
• All the nodes at the last level of the tree appear as much as possible at the far left

Sometimes, the term full binary tree is also used to represent a complete binary tree. There is always confusion about how many nodes should be present in a binary tree. There is a simple formula to calculate this. If there are T levels in a binary tree, nodes will be 2T -1. In case of any problem in understanding the formula, you can hire assignment writing services UK.

 

Degenerate Binary Tree

A binary can also have a single child instead of two children. The degenerate tree is also a type of this kind of tree. If all the tree nodes have only one child, it is a degenerate binary tree. Performance-wise, such trees are similar to a linked list. One important thing to remember is that such trees do not have left or right child nodes. The single child node can either be on the right or the left side of the root.

 

Balanced Binary Tree

A binary tree is ‘balanced’ if the tree height is O(logN), where ‘N’ is the number of nodes. In this type of binary tree, the size of each node’s left and the right children should vary by at most one. An AVL Tree and a Red-Black Tree are some most widely used balanced binary trees.

 

Different Ways of Representation of Binary Tree

Having discussed the binary tree, it is time to explain different ways of representation of a binary tree. Basically, there are two ways of doing this and below are the names of those two methods.

• Link representation of a binary tree
• Sequential representation of a binary tree

A brief description of these two ways of representation of a binary tree is as follows.

 

What is Link Representation?

In the linked representation, the data scientists use double-linked presentations. In a double linked representation, each node consists of three fields. Each node in linked representation stores data at the centre. The right and left wings of the node are for storing left child and right child nodes addresses, respectively. Consider a binary tree S. Now, think that the tree S will be represented using the link representation. Remember, the link representation contains three fields. The INFO about the node is at the centre, and addresses are on the left and right limbs. In a binary tree, k represents the location of each node.

1. LEFT (k) = Contains the information about the location of the left child node
2. INFO (k) = Contains the actual data of the node
3. RIGHT (k) = Contains the information about the location of the right child node

This is how a link representation moves forward. If any child node is empty, the corresponding contains the null value. But if the tree itself is empty, then the ROOT will have the null value.
What is Sequential Representation?

The sequential or array representation is the most widely used way of representation of a binary tree. It uses a one-dimensional array to represent a binary tree. The location of the left and right children nodes changes using some factors. Let’s explain it with the help of an example. Consider that you have a binary tree S. As explained earlier, the sequential representation uses only a liner array. The formulae for representing the information in this type of representation is as follows.

• The root R of the tree S is stored in the Tree itself.
• If a node resides in Tree [k], then its left child is stored in Tree [2 * k], and its right child is held into Tree [2 * k + 1].

 

Sequential Representation of Graph

Graph representation is a technique used to store graphs in the computer’s memory. The data scientists do this type of binary tree representation using an adjacency matrix. The adjacency matrix represents the nodes that are adjacent to each other. The edge connecting the two nodes is shown as 1 in the adjacency matrix and 0 if there is no connection. If an edge is present from node A to node B, then NAB =1; otherwise, the value will be set to 0 in directed and undirected graphs. If it is a weighted directed graph, replace 1 with the weight of that edge.

 

Conclusion

The above-mentioned details of the binary tree, its types and ways of a representation of a binary tree are very helpful for beginners. The two major uses of the binary trees are storing and organising the data. This information is integral if you are a data science student.

How Blogging Can Impact Future Life of Students

In our daily lives, a lot of events and issues take place. There are different means of information sharing like print, digital and social media. There are further different means in each of these types. Nowadays, digital media is an all-time favorite among people. Blogging is one of the most favorite types of digital media. It has different types and addresses countless issues. But, blogging is an excellent medium when it comes to education. It can increase students’ involvement and excitement in their studies and academic coursework writing.

There are several benefits of blogging for students. It can help them to improve their writing skills. Apart from this, it will help them to improve their rational thinking. It will also help them address the issue after analyzing both sides of a story. This article aims to discuss how it can impact the future life of students. So, let’s discuss in detail:

It Improves Their Writing Style:

Nowadays, there are several problems that students are facing. One of those problems is the lack of a proper writing style. But, blogging can help students to improve their writing style. They write a lot of articles and blogs on ongoing issues. It will help them to have a knowledge of grammar and tenses. This way, they will write correct sentences. Apart from this, they will choose the right words to address that issue. They can make it their habit, and this way, they will have a better writing style. They can further improve it with practice.

It Helps Them Learn New Things:

Students can learn new things if they start writing their blogs. It is one of the major benefits of blogging. When they are blogging, they will collect data from different sources. They can consider any source for collecting the data. This way, they will improve their research skills. It will help them to do their best in their assignments and coursework. Apart from this, they can know a lot of other things when they start reading. Reading will also help them to know the things they do not know. So, it will help them to improve their knowledge too.

It Increases Their Creativity:

Blogging can also help students to increase their creativity. It will also help them to improve the brain’s performance. They can improve it by practicing this habit on a daily basis. When they are reading, they will know other people opinions regarding an issue. This way, they will improve their rational thinking. They will be able to perceive things with a different approach. They will start thinking in a different way and increase their productivity. They will be able to connect the dots and come up with a good piece of writing. So, we cannot deny the importance of blogging for students.

It Can Help Them Earn:

Students are always financially dependent on their parents and family. So, it is always difficult to manage their expenses and studies. So, they can earn money through blogging. It is another major benefit of blogging. There are several ways that can help them to earn money. They can use their creativity and writing skills for earning money. This way, they can offer their services to earn money. Apart from this, they can earn money through advertisements after advertising their blogs. Even they can earn money through guest posts.

It boosts Their Confidence:

Most of the time, students lack confidence. But, blogging can help them to boost their confidence. When they are blogging, they will post a lot of stuff. This way, it will help them to share their thoughts in a confident way. They won’t be hesitant when it comes to sharing their mind. They will also receive positive or negative feedback for their writing. Both feedbacks will help them to improve their confidence. It will also help them to question anything that is unusual for them.

Also Read This: Things You Should Know About Cursive Writing

Conclusion:

There are different means of sharing information. One of them is blogging, and it has different types and addresses countless issues. It can help a lot to students in their studies. Apart from this, it will help them in several different ways. This article discussed how blogging can impact the future life of students. It helps them to improve their writing. It will help them to choose the right words for their writings. They can learn new things and improve their creativity. They can use this aspect in their blogs to write a good piece of writing. It helps them to earn money and boosts their confidence.

Increasing Interest of Students in Online Study Groups

These days, more and more students are turning to online study groups due to various reasons. The first and the most important reason for this is the rise in the pandemic; as the COVID19 continues to affect people from all over the world, social distancing is the order of the day. The schools, colleges, and universities are closed and no one knows for how long they will remain closed. According to a coursework writing service, online education is keeping students connected with their teachers and fellow students and it is helping students continue the learning process.

Learning in a group is a great way for students to interact, share unique insights and learn from each other. Study groups particularly help students in completing projects, developing presentations, and preparing for exams, some tasks that become very tough for students to do on their own especially when they are not attending classes or meeting the teacher. Group members can help each other with confusing concepts and complex theories and make it easy for each other. Discussed here are the top reasons why the students’ interest in online study groups continues to increase and how it is helping them in academic as well as personal development.

It Helps To Improve Notes:

Study groups are a great way for students to compare class lecture notes. Comparing notes give students a chance to fill in any information or important concepts that they have either missed during the lecture or failed to understand. Their peers can help them understand things in a much better way if they were unable to grasp the way the teacher explained or if they were unable to attend the class.

It Helps To Share Talents:

Every student has individual talents and unique insights and when they work in groups, they can help others learn what they know. The main reason online study groups have become so popular is that they provide students with a platform where they can come together and help each other learn better. They can benefit from the talents and knowledge of the other group members; the smart and wise members can guide the weak and lacking members and provide them a chance to see how others work and what the right modes of learning are.

It Creates A Strong Support System:

Attending school or college is not enough to gain the knowledge and the prospective students need to succeed. Online study groups help to create a strong support system for students and this is a big reason why we see more students turning to these study groups as they have a better chance to learn and move forward. Joining or forming a study group can help to receive and give motivation and support which promotes a better understanding of things for learners as compared to doing things on their own. Even if they were sick or were unable to attend the classes due to any other reason, they can get notes or an idea of what went on in the class from the study group members.

Gives A Chance To Study More And Better:

Students find working in groups a better option because it gives them a chance to study more and better. It is because multiple people can review more material than just one and they can focus on more concepts. There are many groups where the members are assigned topics to research and study and then provide a summary or an overview for the other members. This strategy enables students to learn and cover a lot more in a shorter time than if they were to study each topic on their own and they can look forward to doing well in the long run.

Learning Becomes Fun:

Students are more inclined towards online study groups as learning becomes fun here. Instead of sitting along and trying to do everything on their own which often becomes tedious and complex, joining a group, on the other hand, can prove to be a very enlightening experience. Students can become a part of a group and work in an environment that makes learning more fulfilling and enjoyable. The students can talk openly with each other; discuss different things, and share ideas and notes which make the process interactive and engaging.

Ever since the internet and technology have become a significant part of education, students have been using the various tools and apps that make access to study material easy for them. Even before the pandemic, there were online study groups but the pandemic has forced students to rely more on these groups, take a keen interest in what they offer and reap the benefits.

Immigration Guidelines for Students to Get Admission in Germany

You may get a German student visa if you’re a foreigner and have received a letter of complete admission for studying at a German university, an equally recognized institution, university of applied sciences, college of arts and music or other equally recognized higher education institution. According to experts of dissertation writing services, the studies that you can do with a German student visa are either full-time university studies or preparative measures before such studies, i.e., Foundation course.

Types of Germany Study Visas:
You may be issued a Germany visa for studies for a range of study levels and degrees. This includes undergraduate, exchange, graduate, or postgraduate studies. This also covers participation in a pre-academic measure or in a non-academic German language course. There are 3 kinds of Germany student visas you can apply for:

• German Student Visa: This is often the standard student visa for international students who are admitted to a German university and are ready to start their studies at a full-time university program.
• German Student Applicant Visa: You need this visa if you need to be in Germany to apply for university admission in person. This visa doesn’t allow you to study in Germany, it’s only valid for the university application process.
• German Language Course Visa: You need this type of visa to study for a German language course in Germany.

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How To Apply For A Student Visa For Germany:
If you need a student visa for Germany, you should apply as soon as possible, and at least 3 months before you move to the country. To do this you’ll need to contact the local German embassy or consulate in your home country. The documents you usually need are:

• Completed application form
• Valid passport
• 2 photographs
• Letter showing you’ve been accepted by a German university
• Transcript of academic record
• Certificate of German language proficiency or proof that you intend on attending a language course in Germany (if studying in German)
• Proof that you have sufficient funds to support yourself while living in Germany (€8,700 per annum, which is roughly ~US$10,250)
• Certificate showing you’ve purchased health insurance
• Declaration of authenticity of documents submitted

Dependent on the embassy, you may also need to show proof that you don’t have a criminal record. one of the ways in which you can prove you have sufficient funds to study in Germany is by depositing a security payment into a blocked account – this means you can't withdraw the money till after you arrive in Germany. If you are planning to study in Germany for more than 90 days you should apply for a National Visa for the purpose of study rather than a Schengen Visa, which will only allow you to stay in Germany for 3 months. As well as your student visa, you may also need to apply for a residence allow on arrival.

How To Apply For A Residence Permit:
Once in the country, you will have to register with the local Alien Registration office within two weeks of arrival. Here you must apply for a residence permit for study purposes. The documents you’ll need are similar to those needed for the visa:

• Proof of valid personal or public health insurance
• Certificate of enrolment from your university
• Proof of sufficient finances
• Valid passport
• Current visa, if you have got one
• Certificate of health (if applicable)
• Your tenancy agreement (if applicable)
• Biometric passport photos (if applicable)
• Residence allows fee (check the current rate beforehand to create sure you bring enough money)

Read More: Things to Check Before Submission of Masters Dissertation

Although you will already have been asked for proof of language proficiency as a part of your university application, you may need to provide this information again in order to gain your residence permit. For courses taught in German, international students need to provide a TestDaf or DSH score, or, for English-taught courses, you’ll need to provide a TOEFL or IELTS score. This residence permit is valid for 2 years, and, if needed, should be renewed before it expires. Residence permits initially cost €100 (~US$120) with a fee of up to €96 (~US$115) for every extension.

When To Apply For A German Student Visa:
The best time to use for a German student visa is immediately after receiving the university letter of admission and securing the necessary funds to live and study in Germany. This is one of the most necessary requirements and if you haven’t been awarded an official scholarship, you need to provide proof of financial resources through different means such as having the funds deposited in a German blocked account.